The following submission statement was provided by /u/mutherhrg:

A city in southern China is planning an offshore wind farm bigger than all of the power plants in Norway combined. By comparison, the entire state of Texas only has 32 gigawatts of total windpower. The entire global offshore wind capacity is around 55 gigawatts. This single wind farm would almost double global offshore wind power by itself. It would also be the single greatest "power plant" in existence once completed

Chaozhou, in Guangdong province, intends to start work on the 43.3-gigawatt project before 2025, according to a copy of the city’s five-year plan posted on industry publication bjx.com. The wind farm will be built between 75 and 185 kilometers (47 and 115 miles) off the city’s coast on the Taiwan Strait.

The area has unique topographical features that mean wind will be strong enough to run the turbines 3,800 to 4,300 hours a year, or 43% to 49% of the time, an unusually high utilization rate. The plan didn’t say how much the project would cost.

China set a record by adding 16.9 gigawatts of offshore wind capacity last year, and the country now has the largest fleet of offshore wind turbines in the world. Utilities and local governments continue to pursue ambitious renewable build-out plans as costs fall relative to expensive coal and natural gas, and as President Xi Jinping keeps the nation on course to zero out emissions by 2060.

Earlier this year, a city in neighboring Fujian province proposed a 1 trillion yuan ($138 billion) project that would include 50 gigawatts of offshore wind.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/yb6wdo/china_is_building_a_40_gigawatt_offshore_wind/itf05tv/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/WallStreetDoesntBet:

If an alien were to look at Earth, many human technologies, from cell towers to fluorescent light bulbs, could be a beacon signifying the presence of life.

A technosignature (technomarker) is any measurable property or effect that provides scientific evidence of past or present technology. Technosignatures are analogous to biosignatures, which signal the presence of life, whether intelligent or not.

While scanning the sky for a TV broadcast of some extraterrestrial Olympics may sound straightforward, searching for signs of distant, advanced civilisations is a much more nuanced and difficult task than it might seem.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/yb6m6d/signatures_of_alien_technology_could_be_how/iteynku/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/nastratin:

Global science research serves the needs of the Global North, and is driven by the values and interests of a small number of companies, governments and funding bodies, finds a major new international study published today.

As such, the authors find, science, technology and innovation research is not focused on the world’s most pressing problems including taking climate action, addressing complex underlying social issues, tackling hunger and promoting good health and wellbeing.

Changing directions: Steering science, technology and innovation for the Sustainable Development found that research and innovation around the world is not focused on meeting the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, which are a framework set u­p to address and drive change across all areas of social justice and environmental issues. ­

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/yav2in/science_technology_and_innovation_is_not/itd1glk/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/Ezekiel_W:

>A second generation of Covid-19 mRNA vaccines is making its way onto the scene. Common to many of them is the use of self-amplifying RNA technology, which maximizes antigen expression. Now, researchers have developed a self-amplifying RNA vaccine with a number of exciting new characteristics. First, it doesn’t require any of the nucleobase modifications that conventional mRNA vaccines depend on for improved stability. Second, it simply uses “naked” RNA injected directly without a protective lipid nanoparticle. Third, the vaccine is designed to be administered into the outer layer of the skin —the dermis— for improved cellular immunity. And fourth, it has been optimized to suit the temperature range of the surface of the body, rather than the core of the body.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/yatnyh/introducing_a_naked_selfamplifying_rna_vaccine/itcsllh/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/lughnasadh:

Submission Statement

Astrobiotic and Intuitive Machines are the two others aiming to launch in 2023.

If all these companies succeed it will mean landing payloads on the moon will be as cheap as 10's of millions of $/€, perhaps as time goes on at the lower end of that estimate. I can see lots of takers for these missions. Academic institutions across the globe must be a market worth hundreds of millions a year at these prices. Not to mention the world's different space agencies sub-contracting out missions.

I wonder how a commercial lunar economy can take off on its own? It strikes me that governments will have to seed the first billions. But how many - 10's or 100's of billions?

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/yatny5/next_month_japanese_company_ispace_will_become/itcsmng/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/Gari_305:

From the Article

>The moon is a lifeless rock, but despite no living thing ever having been found on its desolate surface, some forms of Earth life might be able to make it.

In collaboration with start-up Lunaria One, scientists from the Australian National University (ANU) want to grow plants on the moon by 2025. The Australian Lunar Experiment Promoting Horticulture (ALEPH-1) payload will launch aboard SpaceIL's Beresheet 2 lander, a project Israel announced shortly after its first moon mission failed in 2020.

Also from the Article

>Nothing has ever been grown directly on the moon before. While the ALEPH-1 plants and seeds will be contained in a protective chamber, they will still face plenty of challenges. On the moon, water will be unimaginably valuable, gravity will be weaker, day and night will each last seven Earth days and no atmosphere will protect the surface from harmful solar radiation.

Now should this venture prove to be successful, how soon are we to see farms up in the Moon?

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y9unry/seeds_launching_to_the_moon_in_2025_will_test/it7fvpn/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/Gari_305:

From the Article

>It’s still too early to tell whether this new wave of apps will end up costing artists and illustrators their jobs. What seems clear, though, is that these tools are already being put to use in creative industries.
>
>Recently, I spoke to five creative-class professionals about how they’re using A.I.-generated art in their jobs.

Which leads to an interesting question, will AI be utilized as a tool for artists or be used as a catalyst to displace the creative class?

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y9udmf/aigenerated_art_is_already_transforming_creative/it7e47w/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/chrisdh79:

From the article: As the EU energy crisis deepens, U.K.’s National Grid is testing new technology that could increase the capacity of its existing overhead power lines on its electricity transmission network, allowing more renewable power to flow.

National Grid is collaborating with LineVision, the only firm in the world to offer non-contact overhead power line monitoring systems, to install sensors and a dynamic line rating (DLR) platform, according to a press release the company published on Thursday.

“To meet the increasing demand for electricity and deliver net zero, our network needs to grow, but at the same time we are continually looking at ways of expanding capacity on our existing infrastructure,” said Lydia Ogilvie, Director of Network Strategy and Operations for National Grid, a British multinational electricity and gas utility company headquartered in London.

“I’m proud that National Grid is leading the way in using transformational and innovative engineering, integrating vital grid enhancing technologies like LineVision’s, to decarbonize and deliver world-class reliability, at lowest costs for consumers.”

The sensors will use advanced analytics to calculate the Dynamic Line Rating while continuously monitoring the transmission lines.

The size, resistance, and maximum safe operating temperature of a power line and the local weather circumstances all contribute to the Dynamic Line Rating.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y9tehd/uks_national_grids_new_technology_could_help/it78ako/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/mossadnik:

Submission Statement:

>Since 1990, the United Nations Development Programme has been tasked with releasing reports every few years on the state of the world. The 2021/2022 report — released earlier this month, and the first one since the Covid-19 pandemic began — is titled “Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives.”

>“The war in Ukraine reverberates throughout the world,” the report opens, “causing immense human suffering, including a cost-of-living crisis. Climate and ecological disasters threaten the world daily. It is seductively easy to discount crises as one-offs, natural to hope for a return to normal. But dousing the latest fire or booting the latest demagogue will be an unwinnable game of whack-a-mole unless we come to terms with the fact that the world is fundamentally changing. There is no going back.”

>Toby Ord, senior research fellow at Oxford’s Future of Humanity Institute and the author of the existential risk book The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, explores this question in an essay in the latest UNDP report. He calls it the problem of “existential security”: the challenge not just of preventing each individual prospective catastrophe, but of building a world that stops rolling the dice on possible extinction.

>“To survive,” he writes in the report, “we need to achieve two things. We must first bring the current level of existential risk down — putting out the fires we already face from the threats of nuclear war and climate change. But we cannot always be fighting fires. A defining feature of existential risk is that there are no second chances — a single existential catastrophe would be our permanent undoing. So we must also create the equivalent of fire brigades and fire safety codes — making institutional changes to ensure that existential risk (including that from new technologies and developments) stays low forever.”

>“Existential security” is the state where we are mostly not facing risks in any given year, or decade, or ideally even century, that have a substantial chance of annihilating civilization. For existential security from nuclear risk, for instance, perhaps we reduce nuclear arsenals to the point where even a full nuclear exchange would not pose a risk of collapsing civilization, something the world made significant progress on as countries slashed nuclear arsenal levels after the Cold War. For existential security from pandemics, we could develop PPE that is comfortable to wear and provides approximately total protection against disease, plus a worldwide system to detect diseases early — ensuring that any catastrophic pandemic would be possible to nip in the bud and protect people from.

>The ideal, though, would be existential security from everything — not just from the knowns, but the unknowns. For example, one big worry among experts including Ord is that once we build highly capable artificial intelligences, AI will dramatically hasten the development of new technologies that imperil the world while — because of how modern AI systems are designed — it’ll be incredibly difficult to tell what it’s doing or why.

>So an ideal approach to managing existential risk doesn’t just fight today’s threats but makes policies that will prevent threats from arising in the future too.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y9sj8u/a_new_un_report_explores_how_to_make_human/it73cz3/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/mutherhrg:

Hong Kong, a densely populated city where over a thousand tonnes of sewage sludge is generated per day, should develop carbon-neutral processes to turn the waste into valuable products as part of its decarbonisation strategy, according to an academic.

Ren has secured three grants from the government to conduct research on converting used medical face masks, poultry litter and sewage sludge into energy and valuable products.

To tackle the problems and lower costs, Ren said his team aims to develop processes that can incorporate multiple feedstocks and produce multiple products, such as using face masks as one of the feedstocks and upgrading the primary product into bio-oil, a clean-burning fuel.

Sludge, the mud-like by-product of sewage treatment, can be used as feedstock to make methanol, a motor fuel and industrial chemical, said Hong Kong Polytechnic University’s industrial and systems engineering professor Ren Jingzheng, the recipient of the 2022 Apec Science Prize for Innovation, Research and Education (Aspire).

The carbon emission per kilogram of methanol produced from sludge is 2.1kg, a quarter less than the 2.9kg emitted if coal is the feedstock, Ren and his research team estimated. “In mainland China, methanol is mostly produced from coal,” Ren said in an interview with the South China Morning Post. “Our process of producing it from sludge could lead to less carbon dioxide emission, but the cost will be high. We are still working on ways to reduce it.”

If all of the around 1,200 tonnes of sludge generated in the city every day is converted to 400 tonnes of methanol, this could generate 400 tonnes of methanol worth US$160,000 a day at current market prices. The process could also reduce 120,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide emission from energy consumption, compared to methanol produced from coal, Ren’s team said. It amounts to 6.7 per cent of Hong Kong’s total emissions from industrial processes and product use, and 0.4 per cent of the city’s total carbon emissions.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y9sgxo/sewage_sludge_and_other_waste_products_could_be/it737js/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/chrisdh79:

From the article: Engineers at Duke University have developed a novel delivery system for cancer treatment and demonstrated its potential against one of the disease’s most troublesome forms. In newly published research in mice with pancreatic cancer, the scientists showed how a radioactive implant could completely eliminate tumors in the majority of the rodents, demonstrating what they say is the most effective treatment ever studied in these pre-clinical models.

Pancreatic cancer is notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat, with tumor cells of this type highly evasive and loaded with mutations that make them resistant to many drugs. It accounts for just 3.2 percent of all cancers, yet is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. One way of tackling it is by deploying chemotherapy to hold the tumor cells in a state that makes them vulnerable to radiation, and then hitting the tumor with a targeted radiation beam.

But doing so in a way that attacks the tumor but doesn’t expose the patient to heavy doses of radiation is a fine line to tread, and raises the risk of severe side effects. Another method scientists are exploring is the use of implants that can be placed directly inside the tumor to attack it with radioactive materials from within. They have made some inroads using titanium shells to encase the radioactive samples, but these can cause damage to the surrounding tissue.

"There's just no good way to treat pancreatic cancer right now," said study author Jeff Schaal.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y9q6kr/engineers_at_duke_university_have_developed_a/it6ryt8/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/TheLastSamurai:

Summary

We expect that there will be substantial progress in AI in the next few decades, potentially even to the point where machines come to outperform humans in many, if not all, tasks. This could have enormous benefits, helping to solve currently intractable global problems, but could also pose severe risks. These risks could arise accidentally (for example, if we don’t find technical solutions to concerns about the safety of AI systems), or deliberately (for example, if AI systems worsen geopolitical conflict). We think more work needs to be done to reduce these risks.

Some of these risks from advanced AI could be existential — meaning they could cause human extinction, or an equally permanent and severe disempowerment of humanity.2 There have not yet been any satisfying answers to concerns — discussed below — about how this rapidly approaching, transformative technology can be safely developed and integrated into our society. Finding answers to these concerns is very neglected, and may well be tractable. We estimate that there are around 300 people worldwide working directly on this.3 As a result, the possibility of AI-related catastrophe may be the world’s most pressing problem — and the best thing to work on for those who are well-placed to contribute....

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y9lj2u/preventing_an_airelated_catastrophe_problem/it68lrg/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/lughnasadh:

Submission Statements

Rooftop wind power is a sector that has seen many false starts and dodgy claims over the years. Is Aeromine any different? It looks like there may be reason to be cautiously optimistic.

I can see this solution often failing on NIMBY planning permission grounds. It seems a thing most neighbors would love to object to. It could still find lots of use cases however. Particularly in remote, rural, or particularly windy locations.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y92bcf/aeromine_says_they_have_solved_many_of_the/it33btf/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/CPHfuturesstudies:

Submission Statement:

Most of us are familiar with Moore’s Law. Gordon Moore, who first observed that computer capacity grew exponentially, was talking about the density of transistors in integrated circuits, but others (among them the famous futurist Ray Kurzweil) have later reformulated the ‘law’ to refer to the growth of processing power compared to cost – how many calculations per second a computer chip can perform for every USD 100 it costs.

This makes the law robust to changes in technology, extending it backwards to before the invention of the integrated and possibly forwards into the future when new technologies may replace the current siliconbased chip.

This article was first published in FARSIGHT - Futures Reviewed. A quarterly publication from Copenhagen Institute for Futures Studies.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y91xtu/the_end_of_moores_law_silicon_computer_chips_are/it31flz/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/Gari_305:

From the Article

>Looking back, Gosvener says it's clear why the rates of automation and warehouse injuries appear to be rising hand in hand. It's not so much that robots are running into humans and causing mayhem, he said, but rather a consequence of what the robots' arrival portends: an accelerating, ever-more-unforgiving pace of work and workplace culture.
>
>"We have what's called 'time off task.' Your time is being measured, right down to the very minute," he said of Amazon's controversial time-tracking policy, in which workers have slivers of time a week to use the restroom or do other personal tasks. In the kind of partially automated warehouses that are becoming so common, Gosvener said, the tasks left to human workers are the ones that slow down the operations, which puts extra pressure on people to use every second productively. "And if you're going to go to the bathroom, you better make it quick, because time off task could mean your job is going to be threatened," he added.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y8xumy/how_robots_and_automated_warehouses_will_affect/it2d5gf/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/nick7566:

>Waymo said it plans to launch a robotaxi service in Los Angeles, another sign that the Alphabet subsidiary is accelerating its commercial ramp up.
>
>Waymo has had a presence in Los Angeles since 2019, periodically coming in to map neighborhoods, including downtown, Miracle Mile, Koreatown, Santa Monica, Westwood and West Hollywood.
>
>The announcement Wednesday has a decidedly more commercial aim. Initially, more than a dozen Waymo autonomous vehicles will be in Los Angeles and scale from there, according to Waymo’s new chief product officer Saswat Panigrahi, who most recently was vice president of strategy, product management and data science.
>
>The intent, he added, is that this will be a driverless robotaxi service that will operate 24 hours a day. In the run up to its eventual launch, Waymo is partnering with local groups MADD California and Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y8kip3/waymo_to_launch_robotaxi_service_in_los_angeles/it0kn8p/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/DukeOfGeek:

So this is a big step forward for home/grid storage. Zinc is a safe, cheap widely available resource. We make pennies out of it.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y89aam/salient_energy_zincion_battery_passes_ul_safety/isypdqq/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/YWAK98alum:

I hope that this post is allowed. I somehow saw this post before it was removed by the AutoMod because the OP's account, /u/superduperman6, has an account less than 5 days old. I searched the sub to see if anyone reposted it, and it doesn't look like anyone has. It's clearly Futurology material and belongs here.

Spina bifida is a terrible fetal abnormality, and while the progress of medical science is such that 90% of children with this condition live to age 20, it's still often a very rough life involving limited mobility and impaired bowel and bladder control. It affects about 1 in 1,000 live births, and sight unseen, I would wager that a substantial number of parents who receive an early diagnosis of spina bifida choose abortion and the 1 in 1,000 live birth figure would be higher without that.

We already have surgical options that would have seemed impossibly futuristic a generation ago that allow doctors to perform spinal surgery on the baby in the womb, while the mother is under general anaesthesia, put the child back in the womb, and sew it up. That can correct some of the spinal deformities but has not helped much, if at all, with the motor control and digestive issues.

So now we get to the Futurology bit.

From the OP's submission:

===================

But in a groundbreaking trial they decided to combine surgery with stem cells (placenta derived "mesenchymal stem cells" to be exact) to see if this would do any better than just surgery alone, and according to the lead scientist running the trial the early results are very encouraging. 3 babies have been treated so far and the babies are coming out of the womb kicking and wiggling their little baby toes, which is unusual for babies with spina bifida, the babies shouldn't be able to kick their legs at all.

What they did exactly was they took a dural patch which is already FDA approved, a dural patch will be absorbed by the body over time I understand this much, but a dural patch is used a lot in brain surgeries to patch up the brain and stop the bleeding, anyhow, they took a dural patch and infused it with placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and placed it on the babies spine. The dural patch acts as scaffolding for the stem cells, it just holds them in place. From what I understand they were using the dural patch before when they were treating babies for spina bifida, the only thing they did differently this time was they added stem cells to it, this trial was set up to see if the stem cells made a difference or not.

It looks like we may have a cure for spina bifida. They will treat a total of 35 babies for this clinical trial and they'll be watched for 6 years to see if they hit all of their goals such as walking and talking, the scientists hope that this may even cure the bowel problems associated with spina bifida.

Hey in the article you'll see a youtube video, watch it for more info. In the future they are going to perform this surgery w/ stem cells on babies that have already been born but suffer from spina bifida, as the the scientists think these placenta derived stem cells can possibly help regenerate the spinal cord damage. And they are looking to possibly use these placenta stem cells on people with spinal cord injury (paralyzed people).

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can either be isolated from the placenta or the umbilical cord, MSCs are found all throughout the body, every human has MSCs all throughout their body (in fact all mammals), in fact I could take MSCs from your bone marrow or your belly fat, isolate the MSCs, multiply them in a bioreactor, and then inject them into my body, MSCs don't have to be donor matched, MSCs are quite magical actually. As we age we lose a lot of our MSCs and they become old and decrepit. But scientists have found that MSCs taken from the placenta or umbilical cord are super young and vibrant, which makes sense, you want young and youthful stem cells not old and decrepit stem cells. Stem cells from the placenta/umbilical cord are super young and supercharged.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) don't go into the body and turn into new tissue, in fact they secrete growth factors, they secrete molecules that stimulate the body to heal itself, these molecules have been called exosomes. So MSCs secrete exosomes, but guess what, all cells in the body secrete exosomes it's how they communicate with each other. I bet this is new information for many of you, but you can google exosomes if you don't believe me.

Mesenchymal stem cells are not yet approved by the FDA but I think within several years that will hopefully change.

==================

So we're at the front end of a 6-year study to see whether these in vitrio stem cell treatments work durably. But the early results are encouraging, and honestly, by the standards of what used to be the expectation for the duration and quality of life of patients of spinal bifida, practically a minor miracle.

Anyway, superduperman6, thanks for posting. Happy to give this a boost with my slightly older account and hope some other people get some value and hope out of it like I did.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y89eav/a_cure_for_spina_bifida_in_a_groundbreaking/isypudx/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/idapitbwidiuatabip:

The technology is here. Trucks can drive themselves. Companies like IKEA are already doing trials, and when they have the data that proves how much money/liability/time they're saving, it won't be long before they are adopted as the norm company-wide.

On the robotics side, companies like Kodiak who make the self-driving trucks will have their IKEA data to help them sell directly to other companies, without any need for 'trial periods.'

Then once other businesses start to get the Fear of Missing Out, adoption will skyrocket. We so desperately need UBI before this massive transition happens.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y88rue/ikea_is_trialing_driverless_truck_deliveries_in/isymesl/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/Acceptable_Berry_393:

>DeepMind has done it again.

After solving a fundamental challenge in biology—predicting protein structure—and untangling the mathematics of knot theory, it’s taken aim at a fundamental computing process embedded inside thousands of everyday applications. From parsing images to modeling weather or even probing the inner workings of artificial neural networks, the AI could theoretically speed up calculations across a range of fields, increasing efficiency while cutting energy use and costs.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y87jz3/deepmind_ai_oneups_mathematicians_at_a/isyelvq/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/DisasterousGiraffe:

This report PDF demonstrates that an 81% emissions reduction is achievable by 2030. This requires immediate and large-scale actions, prioritising short-term ambitious targets for already-available technologies. The report outlines a five-year deployment plan, identifying the most impactful technologies. It will create 195,000 jobs and put Australia on the IPCC scenario SSP1-1.9 (for 1.5 degrees of average global warming). Six existing technologies will do the heavy lifting: solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, electric vehicles, heat pumps, and hydrogen electrolysers.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y84c45/australia_can_slash_emissions_81_by_2030_using/isxxsru/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/Sariel007:

>When computers go wrong, we tend to assume it's just some software hiccup, a bit of bad programming. But ionising radiation, including rays of protons blasted towards us by the sun, can also be the cause. These incidents, called single-event upsets, are rare and it can be impossible to be sure that cosmic rays were involved in a specific malfunction because they leave no trace behind them.

>And yet they have been singled out as the possible culprits behind numerous extraordinary cases of computer failure. From a vote-counting machine that added thousands of non-existent votes to a candidate's tally, to a commercial airliner that suddenly dropped hundreds of feet mid-flight, injuring dozens of passengers.

>As human society only becomes more dependent on digital technology, it's worth asking how big a risk cosmic rays pose to our way of life. Not least because, with the continuing miniaturisation of microchip technology, the charge required to corrupt data is getting smaller all the time, meaning it is actually getting easier for cosmic rays to have this effect.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y825e3/the_earth_is_subjected_to_a_hail_of_subatomic/isxjnsq/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/Magic-Fabric:

American footwear designer Joey Khamis re-invents how footwear is made by using VR as a part of his design process. Using simple hand interaction to model his creations, he manifests VR certainly isn’t only about digital entertainment. Now he’s launching a physical footwear brand offering 3D-printed custom footwear and NFT wearables.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y7ych5/designing_realworld_products_inside_your_virtual/isx1e6n/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/filosoful:

>When I first started learning about climate change 15 years ago, I came to three conclusions. First, avoiding a climate disaster would be the hardest challenge people had ever faced. Second, the only way to do it was to invest aggressively in clean-energy innovation and deployment. And third, we needed to get going.

>If you are reading this over lunch on a plastic device in your climate-controlled concrete-and-steel office building that you took a bus to get to, you begin to see how more or less every aspect of our lives contributes to the problem.

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y7ubmx/the_state_of_the_energy_transition_bill_gates/iswkmeg/

The following submission statement was provided by /u/chemistrynerd1994:

From the article:

"The next pandemic may come not from bats or birds but from matter in melting ice, according to new data.

Genetic analysis of soil and lake sediments from Lake Hazen, the largest high Arctic freshwater lake in the world, suggests the risk of viral spillover – where a virus infects a new host for the first time – may be higher close to melting glaciers.

The findings imply that as global temperatures rise owing to climate change, it becomes more likely that viruses and bacteria locked up in glaciers and permafrost could reawaken and infect local wildlife, particularly as their range also shifts closer to the poles."

Please reply to OP's comment here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Futurology/comments/y7pttt/next_pandemic_may_come_from_melting_glaciers_new/isvwbst/