>So the Sami's climbed over the 1 km thick ice?

FYI the ice had disappeared some 8000 years before they even appeared there. The Sami have inhabited northern Fennoscandinavia for ca 3500 years, which I think you'll find is several millenia.

>The Sami's is the same as "skidfinnar" and they were not all reindeer keepers.

No one's claimed anything to the contrary. Do you think their culture and traditions only concern reindeer herding? Or do you think that that is what others wrongly believe? Why do you bring it up?

I was raised Catholic but am not a follower anymore, I wasn't sure if there were more than one St. Anthony and you sounded like you had a better handle on if he was the one my mom would tell me to ask for his help :)

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Red skulls are drinking skulls and Blue skulls are peeing skulls, we all clear?

So the Sami's climbed over the 1 km thick ice? The Sami's is the same as "skidfinnar" and they were not all reindeer keepers.

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I’m looking for recommendations for books on Pre-WWII French history, available in English. Any period pre-WWII is great!

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I thought we were talking about the falcon.

The face, yeah... and transferred to the bone. I've held skulls like this, it happens.

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A millenium is one thousand, my friend

Valid points all around. Thanks for taking the time to type out such a comprehensive answer.

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U.S. Mormonism represents a good modern example. As explained to me by those that study this issue, the expanse of Mormonism was basically done by the women. One woman talking to another etc. I would assume this also applied to Christianity.

Or Russian intelligence.

I think you may have a future in law enforcement.

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Not sure what that last stuff has to do with my question not to mention that is really only partially true as while there were certain terrorist acts brought out by some of the Jewish population, they also purchased the large large majority of the land from the Palestinians, but thank you for the input

Looking for recommendation for books about explorers in the age of exploration, in the style of Over the Edge of the World (Magellan) - not straight history textbook, but not total fiction either. Bonus points if you have one that features Ponce de Leon, but but any explorer with an interesting story will do. Thanks!

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Julius Caesar's reputation for being magnanimous is somewhat overblown.

He could certainly be magnanimous when the enemies were fellow Romans, and there was a political benefit to be mined from it, but if the enemies were foreign and there was no political benefit from showing mercy, or he instead benefitted from being ruthless...he was ruthless.

There are plenty of examples of Caesar being brutal with his Gallic enemies. Avaricum for example, where a city of some 40,000 was put entirely to the sword, or the aftermath of Uxellodunum where Caesar ordered the hands of all the Gallic prisoners lopped off, before scattering those prisoners throughout Gaul, so they would be a demonstration of the price of raising one's sword against Rome. Going father back in his career, he also was quite ruthless in his retaliation against the pirates who had held him for ransom. Execution for pirates was not necessarily a given, as Pompey for example famously spared many of the Cilician pirates following his suppression of them, pardonining those who had turned to piracy out of desperation due to poverty, and resettled them in cities. In short the execution of Vercingetorix was not really out of character for Caesar.

It's impossible to say of course what motivated the decision not to show clemency, as his thoughts on the matter were never recorded. I do recall watching a BBC documentary about Alesia ages ago where one of the historians on the programme speculated that Caesar probably knew Vercingetorix personally prior to the rebellion, as Caesar frequently met with tribal leaders during his campaigns & Vercingetorix was an important figure among the Arverni, who were also one of Gaul's most powerful tribes. He posited that the reason for Vercingetorix's execution my have been personal rather than political - that Caesar was angered that Vercingetorix had pulled the wool over his eyes. Again though, that was just speculation.

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Wow, who woulda thought people finger painted a million years a go.