[removed]

[removed]

[removed]

You might be right. I interpreted it as "when you measure a photon's wavelength, what is actually being measured?" Typically it is the energy of the photon that is being measured. Then the wavelength is calculated. I may have been too literal.

It takes energy to create those little EM waves, right? A photon is a little packet of that energy. The exact amount of energy a photon has is determined by the wavelength of the light, with the relationship being a result of all the math behind light propagation and electromagnetism (thank Maxwell and his equations)

[removed]

[removed]

This answer, while not incorrect, doesn’t answer OP’s question. OP basically asked “how do we know light has a wavelength” and your answer says “it has a wavelength”.

The optimum temperature to store meat is the coldest it can get without freezing, usually -1.5°C - 7°C.

Fancy words below, but the reason low-pressure makes the bacteria stop growing is they run out of oxygen. The process sucks all the air out of the package, and the protective film is a barrier to oxygen. The residual bacteria eat up all the residual oxygen in the bag, aplus ny dissolved oxygen in the water or tissue. They release CO2 up to about 20%, which inhibits further growth of aerobic bacteria.

At that point, only anaerobic bacteria can grow. Typically, those are only in trace quantities compared to the aerobes, so it's sort of a defacto nice effect rather than some amazing sterilization technique. An example of those are the lactic acid bacteria.

> Soon after packaging, the population of lactic acid bacteria is generally below the limit of detection (10 CFU / g), but it increases during storage (40). Lactic acid bacteria ferment glucose and other substrates that are present in meat. When these substrates are depleted, growth stops, typically when the population reaches 8 log/cm2. The metabolic residues of most lactic acid bacteria are not eliminated, however, and can be identified as slightly acidic or milky tastes.

If you have ever opened a "blown" or even old vacuum pack, that first smell you get is the digestive gases such as H2S. Or maybe you smell a faint trace of vomit or rancid butter for second, that is butyric acid as a byproduct of the lactic acid bacteria that is also flavouring the meat.

Low or ultra low pressure won't change the bacterial growth rates of anaerobic bacteria.

If you somehow could make the package sterile, such as pressure canning or pasturization, you end up with tinned meat. That's an interesting route to explore with incredibly long shelf life. There are interesting Youtube videos of modern people eating WW2 old army ration packs with various amounts of subsequent illness.

I'll leave it to someone else to show the math but the short answer is that light is a propagating electromagnetic wave. As it passes through an atom, an electron within feel the force of the light wave and oscillate which sets up its own electric field (albeit at a different frequency). Through superposition, we can than add up the sum of those waves to give a net wave which is slower than the originating light.

[removed]

[removed]

Ok, so now assuming I understand that radiation is a traveling variation in EM field, how do photons come into play?

Same reason you’d never see wild pugs, humans bred pets to be interesting looking(many times doing a grave disservice to their health). Stalking predators like felines are genetically pressured to blend into their hunting environment, so a long haired orange cat would suck at blending into a jungle, get eaten or starve to death.

[removed]

Completely on point! I was was going to say it as, “growing cultures need nutrients, and Petri dishes work better with a see through medium.” So yeah yours was better.

It's a binding agent made from seaweed. It's basically a way to change a liquid into a solid, while retaining some of its properties like being see-through and the nutritional value. You can make a growing media specific for the desired micro-organism, and simply add Agar to solidify it, making it easier to work with

[removed]

The atmospheric pressure at ground level is 91 times earth pressure. The temp is about 860 Fahrenheit. The air density, even with a low wind speed, would be like being in a slow-moving current that you couldn't resist. The air is mainly CO2 with no appreciable oxygen. So you would be crushed, burned alive, and suffocated all at once. Doesn't sound very hospitable.

[removed]

[removed]

That’s very interesting! Thanks for the answer 👍 I will read about the reasoning behind that

there is no separate "electrical" and "magnetic" fields, they're the same field.

There are a lot of great comments here, but I have a few ideas that might be helpful. First, I would say not to worry too much about building the most “correct” model in your head to understand things. There are lots of ways and models to understand physics, and almost all of them fail sometimes, so all that matters is picking the correct models for appropriate situations. Second, a lot of confusion in physics comes from how certain ideas were developed over time, and I think that’s part of where your confusion comes from. The first solid theory of EM radiation comes from classical electromagnetism, in which electric and magnetic fields permeate all of space (meaning that every point in space has a magnitude and direction for each field) and are affected by each other and by charges according to Maxwell’s equations. Variations in these fields can propagate through space as waves, and the variation over time is described by the wave frequency and the variation over space by the wavelength. So waves and wavelengths make sense in this classical theory, because there is a continuous medium that fills up all of space (the electric and magnetic fields) and a wave is just a periodic variation through that medium, analogous to a wave in water. However, this classical theory isn’t very correct, and in turns out quantum mechanics is necessary to describe some electromagnetic phenomena. One such quantum mechanical idea is that of photons. The simplest theory of photons would be that they are discrete, individual packets of energy which make up EM radiation. Like all quantum mechanical objects, they can have both particle-like and wave-like behavior depending on the circumstance. In situations where a photon is displaying more particle-like behavior, such as with the photoelectric effect where the energy of each photon determines whether current is produced, the photons do not really have any wavelength or frequency to speak of. In situations where they are acting more like waves, such as through the interference patterns found by shining light through two slits, it is no longer useful to think about individual photons going through one slit or another light particles, but it is clear that they have some wavelike nature that allows them to go through both slits and interfere with themselves. Analyzing these interference patterns you can determine the wavelength of the waves that could produce such an interference pattern, and this is the wavelength of the light.

I think i might be able to answer the question i think you're trying to ask.

Photons aren't independent of the EM Field in the same way waves aren't independent of the ocean. In this analogy the crest of the wave would be considered "the photon". occasionally the crest of the wave has enough energy (is large enough) that it can go over the bow of a ship and cause havoc (analogy of an interaction) we personally see that as a single wave that caused an event on the ship, but the reality is that its just the ocean interacting with its environment.

except the ocean surface is a 2 + 1 dimensional with 1 degree of freedom(energy/height) where as the EM field is 3+1 with many degrees of freedom (spin, charge, etc.) so the interactions are more complex.

its probably not any more helpful than any other reply, but its how i "visualise" the wave/particle duality without it being 2 seperate things. (its an analogy, so it will fail at some point. only the maths will gives you actual insight into behaviour, trust the maths, everything else is an approximation)