Recent comments in /f/askscience
[deleted] t1_j7qygnp wrote
Reply to comment by [deleted] in Why aren't anabolic steroids/HGH prescribed for patients recovering from wounds/grafts? Wouldn't the steroids speed up recovery time? by TPMJB
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lobster_johnson t1_j7qyau4 wrote
Reply to Does having autoimmune disorder (atopic disease in my mind, but also otherwise) lead to an increased risk of immune cell cancer? by MoBuckeye
Some autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis are indeed associated with an increased risk of cancer. The link between psoriasis and cancer was considered relatively recently.
A Danish systemic review, Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk of Cancer in Patients With Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Vaengebjerg et al) made these observations about psoriasis:
> From a total of 112 studies included in the analysis, overall cancer prevalence among persons with psoriasis was 4.78% (95% CI, 4.02%-5.59%). When keratinocyte cancer was excluded from the analysis, the prevalence of overall cancer decreased to 4.06% (95% CI, 3.31%-4.87%). > > From the 14 studies that reported risk estimates in the context of overall cancer or included a reference group, the risk ratio for cancer development in those with psoriasis was 1.21 (95% CI, 1.11-1.33), but decreased to 1.14 (95% CI, 1.04-1.25) when keratinocyte cancer was excluded.
Here is an article summarizing the findings. Lymphomas and skin cancers are among the top cancers seen in among psoriasis patients.
A challenge with these studies is that they often look at people with severe manifestations of the disease, or that are being treated with immunosuppressive drugs such as biologics. The above study tries to account for the latter, but not (if I remember correctly) the former. While I don't have a citation in front of me, the association is mostly with severe psoriasis, not mild psoriasis.
Rheumatoid arthritis is another autoimmune disease tied to cancer. RA patients have double the risk of developing [lymphomas] https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/related-conditions/other-diseases/arthritis-and-cancer-risk in particular.
GaudExMachina t1_j7qx8ut wrote
Reply to comment by Sub0ptimalPrime in What would happen to a person standing on the edge of a faultline when it moves? by Endorkend
To piggyback, I checked around and seismologists suggest this was at a depth of 18 km below the surface. Not as deep as some, so more surface effects.
Also a horizontal strike slip, so lateral movement between the two plates, so there won't be much vertical component. 7.8 is a massive earthquake, but by no means as insanely powerful as some of the 9+ that have hit Chile within recorded history. I recall reading that one of those in the 1950s had an offset of 30 meters along its rupture zone (deep in the earth), but I'd need to go find a source on that.
For an exceptionally rough estimate, OP could try envisioning the ground suddenly shifting laterally 15 meters while they stood upon it, then scale that back by a factor of more than 10 as this one was considerably less powerful.
Devastating for a building that rises multiple stories, while having a narrow base and made out of inflexible materials. But for a person on the surface of the earth, it would knock them flat.
Edit: Good illustration posted in pics
https://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/10wsr6n/anatolian_plate_moved_335_meters_after_the/
folstar t1_j7qx19x wrote
Reply to Why aren't anabolic steroids/HGH prescribed for patients recovering from wounds/grafts? Wouldn't the steroids speed up recovery time? by TPMJB
Society. Steroids and HGH have wild potential for improving the human condition, but instead what we got was Congress investigating cheating in baseball and passing some wrong-minded legislation* and serious social stigma (thanks, infotainment!) to prevent further cheating in hitting a ball with a stick.
This is, admittedly, oversimplified. It is also close to the truth.
^(*targeting drugs- can you believe it?!)
[deleted] t1_j7querh wrote
Reply to comment by Automatic_Llama in Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science by AutoModerator
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[deleted] t1_j7qt4mz wrote
Reply to comment by saywherefore in Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science by AutoModerator
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saywherefore t1_j7qsi6a wrote
Reply to comment by LibertarianAtheist_ in Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science by AutoModerator
What do you mean by change position?
babyfresno77 t1_j7qr1r1 wrote
Reply to Are people with autoimmune diseases less likely to get viral infections? How about cancers? by Selfeducated
no because having an over active immune system is just as bad because if your immune system is fighting the wrong stuff it won't fight what it need to . and then combine that with taking immosupresive meds . i am a life long sufferer of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and i dont say i get sick more but when i do its harder to shake
LibertarianAtheist_ t1_j7qqwzx wrote
Reply to comment by saywherefore in Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science by AutoModerator
So the main rotor doesn't change position at all? It's all combination with the tail rotor?
The rotor to move in relation to the heli's body. "Rotate"
Like the tires of a car turn in relation to the chassis
saywherefore t1_j7qoynz wrote
Reply to comment by LibertarianAtheist_ in Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science by AutoModerator
The gas turbine (jet engine) has an output shaft. This goes into a gearbox which drives the rotor and tail rotor. The helicopter turns by changing the pitch of the tail rotor, and so the sideways force at the end of the boom.
[deleted] t1_j7qouk1 wrote
Reply to comment by dankpoet in Do Little Earthquakes Prevent Big Earthquakes? by cpassmore79
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[deleted] t1_j7qnxqw wrote
iayork t1_j7qmuql wrote
Reply to why is prevalence of dental fluorosis increasing steadily in united states since the 1940s with no sign of stopping? by tonyhyeok
Prevalence of diagnosed dental fluorosis is increasing (though in spite of the loaded phrasing in the question it's generally not an actual health risk) and there are probably at least three reasons:
- Misdiagnosis
- Improved diagnosis
- Increased fluoride exposure.
The fluorosis that's increasing is, to a large extent, mild and very mild fluorosis (Current Guidance for Fluoride Intake: Is It Appropriate?; Dental Fluorosis: Chemistry and Biology). That means that the symptoms are not as dramatic as the classic severe fluorosis, and because there are many other disorders that look like mild fluorosis, there's a fair bit of misdiagnosis:
>Thus, misdiagnosis of non-fluoride-induced enamel defects may occur frequently. Reports of unexpectedly high population prevalence and individual cases of fluorosis, where such diagnoses are irreconcilable with the identified fluoride history, highlight the necessity for a more precise definition and diagnosis of dental fluorosis.
--Dental Fluorosis: the Risk of Misdiagnosis—a Review
Because there's increasing awareness of fluorosis it's also more likely to be correctly diagnosed today than it was 20 or 40 years ago, meaning that even if there was no increased prevalence there would still be increased diagnosis.
Finally, even taking away those factors, there is a genuine increase in mild fluorosis, and the reason is probably just what you'd think - Because adding fluoride is so effective and so beneficial, fluoride has been increasingly added to more and more products. When water fluoridation was introduced, the assumption was that people wouldn't be getting fluoride from other sources. Today, since that's obviously no longer true, there's movement toward revising water fluoridation guidelines, but since the current levels are clearly still safe as well as effective, the moves to reducing fluoride levels are cautious so that the baby isn't thrown out with the bathwater.
>In the present review, we discuss the appropriateness of the current guidance for fluoride intake, in light of the windows of susceptibility to caries and fluorosis, the modern trends of fluoride intake from multiple sources, individual variations in fluoride metabolism, and recent epidemiological data. ... An "optimal" range of fluoride intake is, however, desirable at the population level to guide programs of community fluoridation, but further research is necessary to provide additional support for future decisions on guidance in this area.
--Review of Fluoride Intake and Appropriateness of Current Guidelines
[deleted] t1_j7qmmgs wrote
Reply to comment by [deleted] in Why aren't anabolic steroids/HGH prescribed for patients recovering from wounds/grafts? Wouldn't the steroids speed up recovery time? by TPMJB
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[deleted] t1_j7qlrlj wrote
Reply to What would happen to a person standing on the edge of a faultline when it moves? by Endorkend
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mfukar t1_j7qkcxp wrote
Reply to comment by Automatic_Llama in Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science by AutoModerator
In Greek it's still 'imaginary'.
[deleted] t1_j7qjnab wrote
Reply to comment by gristc in Do Little Earthquakes Prevent Big Earthquakes? by cpassmore79
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YasharFL t1_j7qj25s wrote
Reply to comment by h3rbi74 in Are nocturnal animals active for longer periods in the winter? by Toorelad
thank you so much for the detailed response man it was such an interesting rabbit hole
[deleted] t1_j7qigy7 wrote
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[deleted] t1_j7qh4ha wrote
Reply to comment by [deleted] in Why aren't anabolic steroids/HGH prescribed for patients recovering from wounds/grafts? Wouldn't the steroids speed up recovery time? by TPMJB
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[deleted] t1_j7qfgxx wrote
Reply to comment by [deleted] in Does having autoimmune disorder (atopic disease in my mind, but also otherwise) lead to an increased risk of immune cell cancer? by MoBuckeye
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[deleted] t1_j7qffc5 wrote
[deleted] t1_j7qe55g wrote
PBR2019 t1_j7qct74 wrote
Reply to comment by GeriatricHydralisk in Why aren't anabolic steroids/HGH prescribed for patients recovering from wounds/grafts? Wouldn't the steroids speed up recovery time? by TPMJB
This is why a combo of hGH and AAS with supplementation works wonders at healing tendons and ligaments
[deleted] t1_j7qz3i8 wrote
Reply to comment by saywherefore in Ask Anything Wednesday - Engineering, Mathematics, Computer Science by AutoModerator
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