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If the allergy has an impact on ones life it is reasonable to assume that it can impact the lifestyle of a person in some ways.

not directly to your question but it seems like you thibk that winter time is day light savings when it's is actually "real" time (besides the variation that time zones bring). Day light savings in North America (where/if used) begins on the 2nd Sunday in March and ends on the 2nd Sunday in November. We are in DST "fake" time for 8 months of the year

There are different levels of darkness. Astronomical twlight (when it basically seems completely dark) is 7:30ish in winter there. It is possible that the law also starts a bit after that point as people who were caught out after sunset might still be heading home and not yet have a light with them.

Post-vaccination monitoring is active and aggressive (especially in the Scandinavian countries where the link was made). Unfortunately viral surveillance, while a part of normal public health, is underfunded and understaffed, but hey, what could go wrong?

Type one is genetic, and requires some sort of trigger (thought to be usually a virus, though as far as I'm aware they've not been able to pinpoint anything). Odds are that most people with the genetic predisposition will get it triggered at some point in their lives, so COVID may have been the trigger for a lot of people. But it won't be statistically any more than normal, since they'd likely be exposed to something that triggers it anyways.

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“The article”? There are literally hundreds of them. This is a very well known phenomenon.

Unsurprisingly, the virus infection is much more likely to cause narcolepsy than was the vaccine, so vaccination against H1N1 protects against narcolepsy overall. But since this only happened with a single vaccine, it was replaced by the other vaccines.

For anti-vax loons reading this, I’ll point out that the hysterical anti-vax voices didn’t find this out, it was discovered very rapidly by the usual surveillance that public health groups routinely conduct. Vaccine-associated effects are routinely detected even when they only occur at a 1 in 20,000 incidence (or much lower, as we saw with the J&J COVID vaccine, where adverse effects were rapidly identified at the 1 in 200,000 level). And even though the vaccine overall was protective and beneficial, when these very rare events were detected the vaccine was immediately pulled from use.

This is the direction to turn your attention towards.

Length of daylight on any given day varies by latitude. In summer, the farther north of the equator, the longer the daylight.

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You are technically correct, but still wrong. The balloon's altitude was way too high for this method.

Got the narcolepsy article handy?

Here is an NOAA site that allows you to enter in years between 1700 and 2100 and any latitude / longitude and get sunrise /sunset times for each day of the year. It looks to be pretty consistent throughout the years (changes are only a minute here and there).

Maybe it was a typo (a badly printed 5 may look like an 8)?

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An hour wouldn’t make a difference typically, but each site has their own agreed-on dose ranges. At my sites, I have usually about a 2-3 hour range before my doses would be too low.

So the pharmacy you order from prepares the doses all together and calculates how much radiation will be in each dose at a prescribed time (so if I open a dose calibrated for 2pm at 9am, the dose is WAY too high to give to someone, but if I did give it, it would still work as intended). I’m giving this example in unit doses. Some places will order bulk doses, where they can draw up their own amount of radiation at any given time.

When I order for, let’s say three patients, we will say that each of them are coming in one hour apart from each other. I’ll order 10 mCi of technetium at 9 AM, 10 AM, and 11 AM. Each of my patients come at those times . If a patient is an hour late, the dose will be lower, but it will be usable still. After a certain time you are not giving enough radiation to make good pictures. So if my 9 AM patient comes at noon and I don’t have enough radiation to give them, I would reschedule them so they get better pictures a different day.

The other reason that those does expire is because the tag breaks up on the technetium. So when I do a patient, I’ll order 10 mCi of 99m technetium sestamibi, let’s say. The sestamibi will hold its tag to the technetium for several hours. If the pharmacy makes that dose at 2 AM and ships it out to me calibrated for 9 AM, I can inject the patient with that amount of radiation from probably 8 to 10 a.m. It’s around 5 PM or so, the tag is two broken up to still go to the correct place in the human body. Straight technetium 99m goes to the stomach, the thyroid, kidneys, and other areas of the body. Technetium 99m sestamibi goes to the heart muscle, but also goes to some of those other areas of the body too. So when the sestamibi breaks off, it won’t go to the heart muscle anymore. If I’m trying to get a heart scan on a patient, it doesn’t do me any good to inject something that isn’t going to go to the target organ anymore.

Does that make sense? I feel like I might be more confusing than helpful, but there are several reasons you wouldn’t inject after a specific time, not just that the radiation is decayed.

The variation in day length is caused by Earth-Sun geometry, so any change from 1700 to now is negligible.

I can think of two factors that might contribute:

1. Was there summer time/winter time in that locale in 1718? If not, then "10pm dark" then should be like "11pm dark" now.

2. In 1718, there were probably no time zones, so 12pm was measured from local solar noon. Depending on where you are in your timezone, there could be a shift of clock noon from solar noon. It's usually mild (should be <30 min), but is worse in some places due to political boundaries. It would shift both summer and winter sunset times the same, though.

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The length of daylight on a given calendar day was essentially the same as today, there are some long-term variations but they don't matter here. Three things to consider:

• 1718 was long before people agreed on specific time zones. /r/AskHistorians would be a good place to ask about timekeeping details.
• The length of the day depends on the latitude, so your own daylight hours only matter if you live at the same approximate latitude.
• Who says the rule was based on the time of sunset? Maybe the time from sunset to 8 pm had so many people still awake and/or on the streets that it wasn't important to mandate light carrying.

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Thanks for the explanation!

> To help explain what "inconclusive" means, similar studies were able to conclusively link a 1 in 20,000 risk of narcolepsy to a specific vaccine. So presumably if there's any risk it's lower than 1 in 20,000.

Can you elaborate on why then more recent research has shown that it seems H1N1 was causing narcolepsy itself? Countries that did not use that specific vaccine were seeing surges of narcolepsy incidents as well. Is this not a case of awareness bias, or whatever it is called? How can we be sure it was purely the vaccine?

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