Some diseases could be eradicated if they were eliminated from every person. But many diseases have reservoirs in the environment (tetanus, Legionella, histoplasmosis) or in animals (West Nile, monkeypox, Ebola, MERS). Other diseases arise more or less spontaneously due to e.g. mutation (feline infectious peritonitis -- I can't offhand think of a human example) or recombination with related animal viruses (SARS, SARS-CoV-2). Since these diseases don't depend on remaining in the affected population, they wouldn't be eliminated by clearing them from that population.

>if we were lucky enough to get to a point where nobody would be infected by smallpox, would that mean the end of smallpox

That's exactly what happened, but there was nothing "lucky" about it - it was the result of a decades-long enormous vaccination and eradication effort by every country on Earth,

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At a far enough distance it does behave exactly the same as acoustic waves.

"In particular, shock waves travel faster than sound, and their speed increases as the amplitude is raised; but the intensity of a shock wave also decreases faster than does that of a sound wave, because some of the energy of the shock wave is expended to heat the medium in which it travels. The amplitude of a strong shock wave, as created in air by an explosion, decreases almost as the inverse square of the distance until the wave has become so weak that it obeys the laws of acoustic waves."

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Yes they are called endemic diseases.

What It Means When a Disease Is Endemic

An endemic disease is a disease that is always present in a particular population or region. Every year, the amount of endemic disease is considered a “baseline” of what is expected to persist indefinitely. Some of the most recognized endemic diseases include the flu, malaria, HIV, and syphilis. Many experts predict that COVID-19 will become an endemic disease at some point.

https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-an-endemic-disease-3132825

Answer to this is complicated and boils down to 'it depends'.

Hypothetically, let's say a disease has been eradicated. Disease X was present in the population, a treatment and preventative measure was developed and this disease does not have reservoirs in other species. It could go extinct. Conversely, this disease may be closely related to another more benign disease. It is eradicated and the closely related but benign disease mutates to replace its cousin.

Overall the battle against a disease is never really over. The goal is containment and then eradication but eradication is likely never permanent or complete.

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We currently describe dogs and grey wolves as the same species, Canis lupus.

Dogs didn't evolve from gray wolves specifically, but they definitely evolved from some kind of wolf or wolves.

Does skin shed ? lol hell yes !

https://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/information/anatomy/shed-skin-cells.htm

What causes dead skin cells?

New skin cells gradually push their way to the top layer. When they reach the top, they die and are "weathered" by the environment and your daily activities before they eventually fall off.

How long is a skin cycle?

Skin regenerates itself approximately every 28 days or four weeks.

How many skin cells do we shed a day?

Over a 24-hour period, you shed almost a million skin cells.

How many skin cells do we shed in one hour?

Between 30,000 and 40,000 skin cells fall off every hour.

Welp, thanks for the edit. I did have a surprise asthma flare up almost out of the blue. Just thought it was due to odd weather and having a different waking schedule that day despite getting a decent amount of sleep

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A snow-slab avalanche is triggered by structural failure in a weak layer of snow beneath the "slab". It takes 200-500 Pascals of pressure change to cause the weak layer to structurally fail and trigger an avalanche—easy enough for explosives or a skier directly atop the snow.

The sound wave of a loud human scream can only achieve a pressure amplitude of about 2 Pa, however, which is two orders of magnitude too weak. Even a passing jet plane would only see a wave amplitude of 20 Pa, although the shockwave of a passing supersonic jet can be enough (the study that proved this, while I don't have a link, was amusingly titled Opération "Bangavalanches".)

So, no, somebody yelling loudly is not going to trigger an avalanche, but a passing supersonic jet shockwave might.

We do this with Wellbutrin in correctional psychiatry. Inmates will sometimes try to abuse this medication to get high (crush, snort, take more than prescribed), and they can also have it stolen or trade it with other inmates. With a random blood draw and a (supposed) time of last administration we can look at the concentrations of both the drug and its metabolite; their ratios give us an accurate picture of what the inmate has taken for the past three days.

>Yes-ish. The concept of the heat death of the universe is the end result of that idea. The stars cool off and we are left with bodies that slowly cool down until things reach absolute zero and the universe is “dead”.

You can't reach absolute zero. Dark Energy is there, even without Dark Energy, subatomic particles will still be there, also, absolute zero on such scales and definitions would require true nothing to exist and we don't even know if that is possible

>However the radiation will happen at some point, so the body will eventually drop to absolute zero.

That's now how Thermodynamics works, at all.

Under what conditions?

Does entropy decrease?

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What do you mean nature doesn't factor that in? In what sense?

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In humans small differences in weight are usually not that big of a deal. Other factors like liver function or wether you take an oral drug with or without food introduce much more variability. Even if weight varies greatly between subjects, it’s often because of a higher fat mass. Most drugs don’t distribute into fatty tissue that well and so in those cases a weight based dose might over dose someone. Fat free mass is sometimes used but often not really needed. In children we do use a weight based dose though.

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